{"id":901,"date":"2024-02-01T20:07:45","date_gmt":"2024-02-01T19:07:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hoplite-investigations.fr\/?p=901"},"modified":"2026-09-27T16:55:32","modified_gmt":"2026-09-27T14:55:32","slug":"la-concurrence-deloyale-et-lenqueteur-prive","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hoplite-investigations.fr\/blog\/la-concurrence-deloyale-et-lenqueteur-prive\/","title":{"rendered":"La concurrence d\u00e9loyale et l&rsquo;enqu\u00eateur priv\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"901\" class=\"elementor elementor-901\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-599e590 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"599e590\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b6c4fa7\" data-id=\"b6c4fa7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4070d71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"4070d71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- HOPLITE INVESTIGATIONS\nArticle : La concurrence d\u00e9loyale et l'enqu\u00eateur priv\u00e9\n-->\n\n<nav aria-label=\"Sommaire de l'article\">\n  <h3>Sommaire<\/h3>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"#definition\">D\u00e9finition &amp; fondement juridique<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#conditions\">Les 3 conditions<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#formes\">Les 4 formes de concurrence d\u00e9loyale<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#recours\">Recours possibles<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#role-detective\">R\u00f4le du d\u00e9tective priv\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#jurisprudence\">Jurisprudence \u2014 Cass. com., 12 f\u00e9vrier 2020<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#faq\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n<\/nav>\n\n<h2>La concurrence d\u00e9loyale et l'enqu\u00eateur priv\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n<p>\n  <strong>Comment prouver un acte de concurrence d\u00e9loyale (d\u00e9nigrement, parasitisme, d\u00e9tournement de client\u00e8le) ?<\/strong>\n  Fondement juridique, m\u00e9thodes d'enqu\u00eate l\u00e9gales, et jurisprudence cl\u00e9 de la Cour de cassation pour d\u00e9fendre vos int\u00e9r\u00eats.\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\n  <a href=\"\/contact\/\">Parler \u00e0 un enqu\u00eateur<\/a>\n  &nbsp;|&nbsp;\n  <a href=\"\/proteger-votre-entreprise\/\">Nos enqu\u00eates entreprises<\/a>\n<\/p>\n\n<hr>\n\n<h2 id=\"definition\">1) D\u00e9finition &amp; fondement juridique<\/h2>\n\n<p>\n  La concurrence d\u00e9loyale consiste \u00e0 recourir \u00e0 des pratiques commerciales abusives qui causent\n  un pr\u00e9judice \u00e0 des concurrents ou \u00e0 d'autres acteurs du march\u00e9. Il s'agit d'un abus du droit\n  d'entreprendre, relevant de la responsabilit\u00e9 civile extracontractuelle fond\u00e9e sur\n  <strong>l'article 1240 du Code civil<\/strong>.\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\n  La libert\u00e9 d'entreprendre n'accorde donc pas tous les droits. La protection de vos\n  <a href=\"\/proteger-votre-entreprise\/\">int\u00e9r\u00eats professionnels<\/a> doit \u00eatre une priorit\u00e9.\n<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"conditions\">Les 3 conditions de la concurrence d\u00e9loyale<\/h3>\n\n<p>Pour caract\u00e9riser une concurrence d\u00e9loyale, trois conditions doivent \u00eatre r\u00e9unies :<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n  <li><strong>Une faute :<\/strong> intentionnelle ou non, contraire aux r\u00e8gles ou usages commerciaux.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Un pr\u00e9judice :<\/strong> certain, mat\u00e9riel, moral ou financier.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Un lien de causalit\u00e9 :<\/strong> direct et certain entre la faute et le pr\u00e9judice.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 id=\"formes\">2) Les 4 formes de concurrence d\u00e9loyale<\/h2>\n\n<p>Les actes de concurrence d\u00e9loyale se classent en quatre cat\u00e9gories principales :<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n  <li>\n    <strong>Le d\u00e9nigrement :<\/strong> discr\u00e9diter publiquement un acteur \u00e9conomique pr\u00e9cis,\n    en diffusant des informations n\u00e9gatives sur son entreprise, ses produits ou ses services.\n  <\/li>\n  <li>\n    <strong>La d\u00e9sorganisation :<\/strong> perturber le fonctionnement normal d'une entreprise\n    concurrente par des moyens illicites ou d\u00e9loyaux (d\u00e9bauchage de salari\u00e9s, d\u00e9tournement de\n    client\u00e8le, espionnage industriel\u2026).\n  <\/li>\n  <li>\n    <strong>Le parasitisme :<\/strong> profiter des efforts, du savoir-faire ou de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9\n    d'un concurrent, sans engager de d\u00e9penses ou de risques \u00e9quivalents.\n  <\/li>\n  <li>\n    <strong>La confusion :<\/strong> cr\u00e9er une ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 chez les consommateurs sur l'origine,\n    la qualit\u00e9 ou les caract\u00e9ristiques des produits ou services d'un concurrent.\n  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 id=\"recours\">3) Si vous \u00eates victime : les recours possibles<\/h2>\n\n<p>Si vous \u00eates victime de concurrence d\u00e9loyale, vous pouvez agir en justice pour demander :<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n  <li>La cessation des actes fautifs ;<\/li>\n  <li>La r\u00e9paration de votre pr\u00e9judice, sur le fondement des articles 1240 \u00e0 1252 du Code civil ;<\/li>\n  <li>\u00c9ventuellement, la publication du jugement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>\n  Vous pouvez \u00e9galement saisir les autorit\u00e9s de la concurrence ou de la consommation, si les\n  actes constituent aussi des pratiques anticoncurrentielles ou des pratiques commerciales d\u00e9loyales.\n<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"role-detective\">4) Le r\u00f4le du d\u00e9tective priv\u00e9 pour apporter la preuve<\/h2>\n\n<p>\n  L'enqu\u00eateur priv\u00e9 est devenu incontournable pour prouver un acte de concurrence d\u00e9loyale \u2014\n  et parfois mettre au jour, dans le m\u00eame temps, des abus de confiance, vols ou recels.\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\n  L'avocat de l'entreprise l\u00e9s\u00e9e doit parfois demander au juge de pouvoir effectuer des mesures\n  d'instruction <em>\u00ab in futurum \u00bb<\/em>, sur le fondement de l'article 145 du Code de proc\u00e9dure\n  civile. Des \u00e9l\u00e9ments pr\u00e9cis doivent alors \u00eatre communiqu\u00e9s dans la requ\u00eate : les adresses\n  concern\u00e9es, la pr\u00e9sence des personnes vis\u00e9es, et le jour de l'ex\u00e9cution de l'ordonnance.\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\n  Hoplite Investigations vous accompagne en r\u00e9unissant les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de non-respect d'une clause\n  de non-concurrence, ou de recrutement de vos salari\u00e9s par vos concurrents entra\u00eenant une\n  d\u00e9sorganisation de votre entreprise.\n<\/p>\n\n<h3>Exemple concret<\/h3>\n\n<p>\n  Un salari\u00e9 d\u00e9missionnaire ouvre son entreprise dans le m\u00eame secteur d'activit\u00e9 et la m\u00eame\n  zone g\u00e9ographique que son ancien employeur. Une filature confirme les soup\u00e7ons : le nouvel\n  entrepreneur d\u00e9marche la majorit\u00e9 des clients de son ancien employeur, et un dossier identique\n  au fichier client de ce dernier est constat\u00e9 sur le si\u00e8ge de son v\u00e9hicule.\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\n  Ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments ont permis d'obtenir une ordonnance sur le fondement de l'article 145, r\u00e9v\u00e9lant\n  un fichier physique de clients ainsi que l'ensemble des fichiers d\u00e9mat\u00e9rialis\u00e9s reprenant les\n  prospects et fournisseurs auxquels il avait acc\u00e8s dans son ancien emploi.\n<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"jurisprudence\">5) Jurisprudence \u2014 Cour de cassation, chambre commerciale, 12 f\u00e9vrier 2020<\/h2>\n\n<p>\n  La Cour de cassation rappelle que la r\u00e9paration doit \u00eatre la plus compl\u00e8te possible, d'o\u00f9\n  l'int\u00e9r\u00eat de comptabiliser avec pr\u00e9cision les pr\u00e9judices de toute nature. Le pr\u00e9judice doit\n  toutefois r\u00e9unir plusieurs caract\u00e9ristiques cumulatives : il doit \u00eatre n\u00e9, actuel, direct et certain.\n<\/p>\n\n<blockquote>\n  <p>\n    \u00ab Le propre de la responsabilit\u00e9 civile est de r\u00e9tablir, aussi exactement que possible,\n    l'\u00e9quilibre d\u00e9truit par le dommage et de replacer la victime dans la situation o\u00f9 elle se\n    serait trouv\u00e9e si l'acte dommageable n'avait pas eu lieu, sans perte ni profit pour elle. \u00bb\n  <\/p>\n  <p>\u2014 Cour de cassation, chambre commerciale, 12 f\u00e9vrier 2020, n\u00b0 17-31.614<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n<p>\n  Pour tous vos besoins concernant la concurrence d\u00e9loyale ou la d\u00e9loyaut\u00e9 d'un salari\u00e9,\n  contactez notre cabinet.\n<\/p>\n\n<hr>\n\n<h2 id=\"faq\">FAQ \u2014 Concurrence d\u00e9loyale<\/h2>\n\n<h3>Qu'est-ce que la concurrence d\u00e9loyale, en quelques mots ?<\/h3>\n<p>\n  C'est le recours \u00e0 des pratiques commerciales abusives causant un pr\u00e9judice \u00e0 un concurrent,\n  sanctionn\u00e9 sur le fondement de la responsabilit\u00e9 civile extracontractuelle (article 1240 du\n  Code civil).\n<\/p>\n\n<h3>Quelles sont les 4 formes principales de concurrence d\u00e9loyale ?<\/h3>\n<p>Le d\u00e9nigrement, la d\u00e9sorganisation, le parasitisme et la confusion.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Un d\u00e9tective priv\u00e9 peut-il apporter une preuve recevable en justice ?<\/h3>\n<p>\n  Oui, \u00e0 condition que ses m\u00e9thodes respectent la l\u00e9galit\u00e9, la loyaut\u00e9 et la proportionnalit\u00e9 \u2014\n  comme pour toute enqu\u00eate priv\u00e9e.\n<\/p>\n\n<h3>Que faire si je soup\u00e7onne un ancien salari\u00e9 de concurrence d\u00e9loyale ?<\/h3>\n<p>\n  Contactez rapidement un cabinet d'enqu\u00eates priv\u00e9es : plus les \u00e9l\u00e9ments sont r\u00e9unis t\u00f4t, plus\n  il est facile d'obtenir une ordonnance sur requ\u00eate (article 145 du Code de proc\u00e9dure civile)\n  et de constituer un dossier solide.\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\n  <a href=\"\/enquete-interne\/\">Nos enqu\u00eates internes en entreprise<\/a>\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\n  <a href=\"\/blog\/articles\/\">Tous nos articles<\/a>\n  &nbsp;|&nbsp;\n  <a href=\"\/contact\/\">Contact rapide<\/a>\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\n  <small>\n    Article informatif \u2013 ne constitue pas un conseil juridique.\n    \u00c9changez avec votre avocat et votre enqu\u00eateur afin d'adapter toute action \u00e0 votre situation.\n  <\/small>\n<\/p>\n\n<!-- ======================================================\n     FAQ STRUCTURED DATA - JSON-LD\n     ====================================================== -->\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n  \"mainEntity\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"Qu'est-ce que la concurrence d\u00e9loyale, en quelques mots ?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"C'est le recours \u00e0 des pratiques commerciales abusives causant un pr\u00e9judice \u00e0 un concurrent, sanctionn\u00e9 sur le fondement de la responsabilit\u00e9 civile extracontractuelle (article 1240 du Code civil).\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"Quelles sont les 4 formes principales de concurrence d\u00e9loyale ?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"Le d\u00e9nigrement, la d\u00e9sorganisation, le parasitisme et la confusion.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"Un d\u00e9tective priv\u00e9 peut-il apporter une preuve recevable en justice ?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"Oui, \u00e0 condition que ses m\u00e9thodes respectent la l\u00e9galit\u00e9, la loyaut\u00e9 et la proportionnalit\u00e9, comme pour toute enqu\u00eate priv\u00e9e.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"Que faire 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?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":924,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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